Additional Information



Annotated Bibliography
Biddle, B. M. (1980). Parental and Peer Influence on Adolescents. Social Forces,
    58(4), 1057-1079.
This is a study that explains how adolescents are affected by parental and peer pressures. They are influenced by modeling of behaviors. Adolescents may respond directly or by internalizing norms or preferences for conduct. Pressures, norms, and preferences have different effects on adolescent behavior. This article will be helpful for our website because it explains how our behavior as adults has an impact on the adolescent and how they respond to peer pressure.
Danielsson, A. (2011). Heavy Episodic Drinking in Early Adolescence: Gender
    Specific Risk and Protective Factors. Substance Use & Misuse, 46(5), 633-643.
       This is a study showing 7th grade adolescent girls are beginning to approach or even exceed adolescent boys’ levels of heavy alcohol use. The study examined possible gender differences regarding risk and protective factors for heavy drinking. The factors that led to heavy drinking were peer and parental relationships. This article will be a valuable resource because it allows us to understand the gender differences regarding peer pressure among adolescents.
Dunn, M. D. (2011). Effects of Youth Assets on Adolescent Alcohol, Tobacco,
    Marijuana Use, and Sexual Behavior. Journal Of Alcohol & Drug Education,
    55(3), 23-40.
       This study examines the associations of youth assets and adolescent engagement in substances or sexual behavior among students 14-18 in a rural state. A large percentage had engaged in the substances or sexual behavior. Future aspirations, parental expectations, and positive peer influence were associated with a lower prevalence of adolescent substance use or sexual behavior. This article will be helpful because it explains different ways that we can help adolescents stray from these behaviors.
Elgar, F., Phillips, N., & Hammond, N. (2011).  Trends in alcohol and drug use among
    canadian adolescents, 1990-2006, 56(4), 243-247.
       The authors in this article did a longitudinal study of drug and alcohol use among students in grades 6, 8, and 10 in Canada from 1990 to 2006.  The researchers found that alcohol consumption decreased in all subgroups during this time, but the use of cannabis had increased in all of the subgroups during this same period.  I took a couple of things away from this article.  First, that it is important for schools and policy makers to continue to monitor the use of alcohol and drug use amongst it students.  I also learned that adolescents use of alcohol and drugs may change when new substances become more widely available.  It is very important that school leaders educate themselves about what new substances are being used and to educate students to the long-term effects of drug and alcohol use.
Gladstone, T., & Beardslee, W. (2009). The prevention of depression in children and
    adolescents: a review. Canadian journal of psychiatry, 56(4), 212-221.
        This article reviewed depression prevention programs for adolescents that are
        already in place. They evidence-based programs were well implemented and
        consistent with cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal psychotherapy traditions.
        There was great hope found in these interventions in preventing depressive disorders
        in youth. This article will give us great early prevention programs to recommend on
        our informative website.
Jakobsen, I., Horwood, L., & Fergusson, D. (2012). Childhood anxiety/withdrawal,
    adolescent parent-child attachment and later risk of depression and anxiety disorder.
    Journal of Child & Family Studies, 21(2), 303-310.
        The research in this articles covered a span of 30 years and found that early
        anxiety/withdrawal was related to an increased risk for subsequent adult major
        depression and anxiety disorder. It also showed that a positive parent-child
        attachment in adolescence was related to a reduced risk of later internalizing
        disorders. The implications of these findings are that there are needed interventions
        to increased parent-child attachment to help in the children who show early
        anxiety/withdrawal symptoms. In relating to our website, this gives us a good
        reminder to not forget the importance of helping the parents be effective role models
        while their children are in the adolescent years.
Kiran-Esen, B. (2012). ANALYZING PEER PRESSURE AND SELF-EFFICACY
    EXPECTATIONS AMONG ADOLESCENTS. Social Behavior & Personality: An
    International Journal, 40(8), 1301-1309.
       This is a study examining adolescents using the Self-Efficacy Scale examining what  influences adolescents to give in to peer pressure. This study explains that one of the biggest factors of peer pressure is how adolescents are perceived by their peers. Influences are general and academic self-efficacy. This article will be helpful because it identifies the factors that lead to peer pressure and how these causes can be avoided to help adolescents make their own decisions.

Kokkevi, A., Rotsika, V., Arapaki, A., & Richardson, C. (2011). Increasing self-reported
    suicide attempts by adolescents in greece between 1984 and 2007. Social Psychiatry &
    Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(3), 231-237.
       This article is trying to find the reason behind the trend of increasing self-reported suicide attempts within the past 20 plus years. A few conclusions reached were the loosing of family ties, increased drug use, and stress from schoolwork. The females have higher rates that males but the males have quadrupled since 1984 as the female rate has only doubled. Looking at some data on the increased rate of suicide attempts in adolescents, even though it is in Greece, gives us information to show the reader the importance as well as cause them to take action. Trying to put our finger on reasons why the attempts have increased will give direction to areas to implement interventions to start to decrease these staggering numbers.
Moses, N., Banilivy, M., & Lifshitz, F. (1989).  Fear of obesity among adolescent girls.
    Pediatrics, 83(3), 393-398.
      The article researched the topics of dieting, weight, and perceptions concerning weight of adolescent girls.  In it, the researchers discovered that many adolescent girls have a distorted perception of ideal body weight and that many use unhealthy measures to maintain their desired body weight.  They also found that the highest group of girls that were dieting was the group that was already below their optimal body weight.  Image of oneself has always been an issue amongst adolescent females.  I learned in this article that it is important to discuss dieting habits with all students regardless if they are overweight or not.
Pettit, J., Green, K., Grover, K., Schatte, D., & Morgan, S. (2011).  Domains of chronic
    stress and suicidal behaviors among impatient adolescent.  Journal of clinical child
    and adolescent psychology, 40(3), 494-499.
The authors of this article researched the effects of chronic stress on suicidal thoughts and behaviors amongst adolescents.  The results of their findings suggest that stress in close relationships is more connected to suicidal thoughts and behaviors than stress in wider peer relationships.  One of the other findings was that there was a strong association between chronic health stress and suicidal thoughts and actions.  I learned from this article that there are many prevention programs that target psychopathological symptoms and recent life events, but there are few programs that implement strategies to cope with ongoing stress.
Szumilas, M., & Kutcher, S. (2009). Teen suicide information on the internet:
    a systematic analysis of quality. Canadian journal of psychiatry, 54(9), 596-604.
Szumilas and Kutcher analyze the quality of the websites that are posting
      information related to teen suicides. They are looking that the statistics on this website have been evidence-based to properly inform the readers. Not only does this article give quality information for the accuracy of the data posted on various sites, it also gives the importance of posting only sound, evidence-based data on our website we are creating.
Vincent, M., Clearie, A., &Schluchter, M. (1987).  Reducing adolescent pregnancy
    through school and community-based education.  Journal of the american medical
    association, 257(24), 3382-3386.
      The researchers in this article discuss the positive effects of public health education model in lowering the pregnancy rate among adolescents.  The primary objective of the program was to postpone voluntary sexual intercourse among teens and preteens.   The secondary objective of the program was to promote the use of effective contraception amongst sexually active teens and preteens.  The main components of the program included improving decision-making skills, enhance self-esteem, and aligning personal values with those of the family, church, and community.  The key learning for me was that the reason why this program was successful was that included all stakeholders in the change process.  

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